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''Saponaria officinalis'' is a common perennial plant from the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). This plant has many common names, including common soapwort, bouncing-bet,〔 crow soap,〔 wild sweet William,〔 and soapweed.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Pink Family in the Columbia River Gorge: Caryophyllaceae )〕 There are about 20 species of soapworts altogether. The scientific name ''Saponaria'' is derived from the Latin ''sapo'' (stem ''sapon-'') meaning "soap," which, like its common name, refers to its utility in cleaning. From this same Latin word is derived the name of the toxic substance saponin, contained in the roots at levels up to 20 percent when the plant is flowering〔''Farmakognosia'', by Raimo Hiltunen (in finnish)〕 (Indian soapnuts contain only 15 percent). It produces a lather when in contact with water. The epithet ''officinalis'' indicates its medicinal functions. ''Saponaria officinalis'' native range extends throughout Europe, and in Asia till western Siberia. It grows in cool places at low or moderate elevations under hedgerows and along the shoulders of roadways. ==Description== The plants possesses leafy, unbranched stems (often tinged with red). It grows in patches, attaining a height of 70 cm. The broad, lanceolate, sessile leaves are opposite and between 4 and 12 cm long. Its sweetly scented flowers are radially symmetrical and pink, or sometimes white. Each of the five flat petals have two small scales in the throat of the corolla. They are about 2.5 cm wide. They are arranged in dense, terminal clusters on the main stem and its branches. The long tubular calyx has five pointed red teeth. The individual flowers open in the evening, and stay open for about three days. They produce a stronger scent at night and supplement nectar production during the night.〔 The flowers are protandrous: on the second night of blooming, the pollen is released, and the stigma develops to its final position by the third night.〔 Much of the seed production comes from self-pollination.〔 The flowers are visited by various insects including Noctuidae, Sphingidae, bumblebees, and hoverflies.〔 In the northern hemisphere ''Saponaria officinalis'' blooms from May to September, and in the southern hemisphere October to March. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「saponaria officinalis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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